Inguinal Hernia

Inguinal Hernia

An inguinal hernia occurs when a portion of the intestine or abdominal tissue bulges through a weakened spot in the lower abdominal wall, typically in the groin. This may result in discomfort, especially when lifting, coughing, or bending.

Causes of Inguinal Hernia

Inguinal hernias are primarily due to weakness in the abdominal wall. Contributing factors include:

• Congenital abdominal wall defects

• Connective tissue disorders

• Previous abdominal surgeries

• Chronic coughing or sneezing

• Heavy lifting or prolonged physical exertion

• Constipation or straining during urination

• Age-related muscle weakening

Types of Inguinal Hernia

Direct Inguinal Hernia: Typically seen in adults, this type pushes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall over time due to stress or aging.

Indirect Inguinal Hernia: Often congenital, this hernia travels through the inguinal canal and may appear in infants or later in life.

Symptoms

• Noticeable bulge in the groin

• Pain or discomfort while standing, coughing, or lifting

• Heaviness or pressure in the groin

• Swelling that increases with activity and improves at rest

• In men, the bulge may extend into the scrotum

Complications

If left untreated, an inguinal hernia can worsen and lead to:

• Incarceration: Herniated tissue becomes trapped, leading to pain and bowel obstruction

• Strangulation: Restricted blood flow to the intestine, which can become life-threatening

• Scrotal swelling: In males, hernia may extend into the scrotum causing intense pain and swelling

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically based on a physical examination. The hernia becomes more prominent when standing or coughing. Imaging tests like an ultrasound or CT scan may be used to confirm and assess the severity.

Treatment Options

Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

A minimally invasive procedure involving 2–3 small incisions, allowing the surgeon to use a camera and instruments to repair the hernia. A synthetic mesh is placed to strengthen the abdominal wall. This method promotes quicker recovery and less postoperative pain.

Open Inguinal Hernia Repair

Involves a direct incision over the hernia site to reposition the tissue and reinforce the wall using stitches and mesh. It is often used for larger or more complicated hernias.