Ventral / Incisional Hernia

Incisional Hernia – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

An incisional hernia occurs when the abdominal muscles weaken at the site of a previous surgical incision, allowing tissue or organs to protrude through. This typically develops when the surgical site hasn’t fully healed or due to increased pressure on the abdomen post-surgery.

Causes of Incisional Hernia

Incisional hernias can result from previous abdominal surgeries where the muscle layer hasn’t regained full strength. Factors contributing to this condition include:

• Early or strenuous physical activity after surgery

• Excessive weight gain post-surgery

• Persistent coughing, constipation, or straining

• Poor wound healing due to diabetes or infections

• Repeated surgeries or multiple abdominal incisions

When the abdominal wall becomes compromised, it may not withstand normal intra-abdominal pressure, leading to the hernia.

Symptoms of Incisional Hernia

The most common sign is a noticeable bulge near or around the site of the previous incision. This bulge may become more prominent when standing, coughing, or lifting. Other symptoms include:

• Discomfort or burning sensation at the site

• Nausea or vomiting in severe cases

• Constipation or digestive disturbances

• Tenderness or pain around the bulge

• Swelling or pressure in the abdomen

• Fever (in case of complications or strangulation)

If left untreated, complications like bowel obstruction or strangulation can occur.

Treatment Options for Incisional Hernia

The recommended treatment is surgical repair, especially if the hernia is large, painful, or showing signs of complication.

Laparoscopic Incisional Hernia Repair

This minimally invasive technique involves 3–4 small incisions through which a camera and instruments are inserted. The herniated tissue is repositioned, and a surgical mesh is placed to reinforce the weakened area. Benefits include:

• Smaller scars

• Faster recovery

• Reduced post-operative pain

• Shorter hospital stay

Open Incisional Hernia Repair

In this traditional method, a single larger incision is made over the hernia site. The hernia is repaired and a mesh is implanted to strengthen the area. This approach is typically chosen for:

• Larger or complex hernias

• Recurrent hernias

• Emergency situations

Both procedures aim to restore abdominal wall integrity and prevent recurrence.